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Tesla electric car in 2022 

Electric cars are generating a lot of interest in the automotive world as these quiet, non-polluting and efficient vehicles are expected to make their internal combustion engine counterparts obsolete by 2025.

This article unveils the secret technologies of the Tesla Model S, which recently became the fastest accelerating car in the world.

 the Tesla electric cars in 2022

We will see what has allowed electric cars to significantly increase their performance by analyzing:

Induction motor technology, converters, lithium-ion battery power source, and above all logically and progressively synchronized vehicle mechanism.

The Tesla car engine was invented about 100 years ago by the great scientist Nikola Tesla.

For more information on the biography of Nikola tesla click here

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• How Does an Electric Vehicle Work?

1 - What is an induction motor for an electric vehicle?

An induction motor consists of two main parts, a stator, and a rotor

Here are the engine build details:

The rotor is just a set of conductive strips which are short-circuited by a ring at their end.

The stator is connected to a three-phase alternating current, and the three-phase alternating current in the coil generates a rotating magnetic field, and the motor generates a four-pole magnetic field.

This rotating magnetic field then induces a current on the bars of the rotor to make it spin, and in an induction motor, the rotor always lags behind the rotating magnetic field.

Induction motor It is strong and powerful, which makes the induction motor very attractive, and its speed depends on the frequency of the power supply. Changing the power supply frequency is enough to change the speed of the driving wheels, which can control the speed of an electric car easily and reliably.

Motor power is provided by a frequency converter, which in turn controls the motor speed, which can vary from 0 to 18,000 pm.

Compared to diesel locomotives, this is the most important point of electric vehicles:

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Internal combustion engine

It produces torque and power that can only be used within a limited speed range.

Therefore, it doesn't make much sense to connect engine speed directly to the drive wheels.

Transmission must be used to change the speed of the drive wheels.

In contrast, induction motors work efficiently in any speed range, so electric vehicles don't need a transmission to change gears.

The internal combustion engine does not produce direct rotational motion, the linear motion of the piston must be converted into rotary motion, this causes major problems for mechanical balancing, not only the internal combustion engine does not start automatically as an induction motor, but in addition, the power of an internal combustion engine is always uneven.

Our part of the rotational motion is direct and the power supplied is uniform with an induction motor, many components of the AC motor can be avoided in this case.

Because of these factors, a high response rate and power-to-weight ratio are natural characteristics of an induction motor, resulting in superior vehicle performance.

Many accessories are needed to solve these problems.

2 - What is an electric vehicle converter?

How did the engine get power?

The power comes from a battery, the battery pack produces direct current so before supplying it to a motor it must be converted into alternating current, a converter is used for this purpose.

this electronic device also controls the frequency of the alternating current supply, which makes it possible to control the speed of the motor, moreover, the converter can even vary the amplitude of the alternating current which makes it possible to control the output power of the motor, thus the converter acts as the brain of the electric car.

3 - How does a Tesla battery work?

Now let's focus on the battery, you may be surprised to find that it is just a set of ordinary lithium-ion cells similar to the one used in your daily life, the cells are connected in series and in parallel to produce the energy needed to run your electric car.

The glycol coolant, passes in internal metal tubes through the space between the cells, it is one of the main innovations of tesla, by using many small cells instead of a few large efficient cooling is guaranteed, this reduces hot spots and achieves an even temperature distribution which increases battery life.

The cells are arranged in a detachable module there are 16 modules of this type in the battery pack which constitutes approximately 7000 cells.

The glycol heats and cools through a cooler which is installed at the front of the vehicle, plus you can see how a low height 6 battery when installed near the ground lowers the center of gravity of the vehicle.

The lowering of the center of gravity greatly improves the stability of the car, the large battery packs are evenly distributed on the floor, which provides structural rigidity against side collisions.

4 - How do Tesla motors work?

Driving train

The power produced by the engine is transferred to the drive wheels via a gearbox.

Single-speed transmission

As we saw earlier the Tesla model s uses a simple single-speed transmission, as the motor is efficient in many operating conditions you can see that the output speed of the motor is reduced to two positions.

Even if reversing is quite easy to achieve in an electric car, all you need to do is change the direction of the phases.

The sole purpose of the transmission of an electric car is the reduction of speed and the multiplication of the torque which is associated.

Tesla electric gearbox differential

The second element of the gearbox is a differential, it receives the transmission at a reduced speed, you can see that it is a simple open pit dispute, however, the different open pits have a traction control problem.

Why do such sophisticated cars use open differentials? Instead of a limited-slip differential?

The answer is that the open differential is sturdier and can handle more torque.

Traction control issues with open differentials can be effectively resolved in two ways:

• Selective braking.
• power cut.

In an internal combustion engine, this power cut by fuel cut does not respond very quickly.

In an induction motor, on the other hand, switching off the power supply is very reactive and is an effective means of controlling traction.

In the tesla, all of this can be achieved through an ultra-sophisticated algorithm with the help of sensors and controllers.

In short, tesla motors replace a complex mechanical system with smart, responsive software.

A driving pedal

Did you know that an electric car can be driven efficiently using just one pedal?

This is due to its powerful regenerative braking system, which means that the car's standard kinetic energy can be recovered as electricity without being wasted as heat.

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Regenerative braking

The regenerative brake is activated as soon as you take your foot off the accelerator of the electric car.

During regenerative braking, the same induction motor acts as a generator, and the wheels drive the rotor of the induction motor.

We know that in an induction motor, the speed of the rotor is lower than the speed of the RMF rotating magnetic fields.

To convert the motor to generators is enough to ensure that the speed of the rotor is greater than the speed of RMF.

The converter plays a crucial role here by adjusting the frequency of the input power and keeping the ref speed below the rotor speed, this allows electricity to be produced in the stator coils which is much higher than the electricity supplied.

the electricity produced can then be stored in the battery pack after the conversion.

During this process, an electromagnetic reaction force acts on the rotor, breaking the drive wheels and the car.

This way vehicle speed can be precisely controlled while driving using only one pedal, the brake pedal can be pressed to a complete stop.

As you may already know, electric cars are much safer than internal combustion cars, the cost of maintaining and driving an electric car is much less than a combustion engine car internal.

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With the drawbacks of the electric car being mitigated by the advent of improved technology, electric cars promise to become the cars of the future.

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